What role does sea surface temperature play in the formation of tropical cyclones?

Sea surface temperature is a critical factor in the formation of tropical cyclones because it directly influences the availability of latent heat, which is essential for the energy dynamics of these storms. Warm ocean waters provide ample heat and moisture to the atmosphere above, which encourages the evaporation of water. This process releases latent heat, which fuels the storm as it forms and strengthens.

As the warm, moist air rises, it creates a low-pressure area beneath, allowing more air to flow in and continue the cycle of evaporation and heat release. Higher sea surface temperatures enhance this process, leading to the potential development of a more powerful tropical cyclone. Consequently, a rise in sea surface temperature often correlates with increased storm activity and intensity. This understanding highlights the importance of oceanic conditions in the atmospheric processes that lead to cyclonic systems.